Why Research ?

Why Research-

Research- search for knowledge, is the process of inquiry and discovery.

• The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development of methods and systems for the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge.

• Approaches to research depend on epistemologies (Knowledge Science), which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences.

Why Do We Research -

• We do research for explain something.
• we do research for explore something.
• We do research for describe something.
• We do research to learn something new.
• we do research to developing critical thinking.
• we do research for the development of our conditions.
• We do research for knowing and understanding the world.

By: সাদমান On 12:45 AM

Continue Reading

Types of Research

TYPOLOGY OF RESEARCH

 Research can be classified in many different ways on the basis of the methodology of research.

The basic types of research are as follows:

• Basic Research

Basic research ( also called pure research, fundamental research ) is driven by a scientist's curiosity or interest in a scientific question. The

main motivation is to expand man's knowledge , not to create or invent something. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from basic research.

For example, basic science investigations probe for answers to questions such as- 

• How did the universe begin? 

• What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed of? 

• How do slime molds reproduce? 

• What is the specific genetic code of the fruit fly?

• Applied Research

Applied research, variously known as action research, operation research, social research, decison-linked research, is a type of research that covers a wide range of social science areas.Applied research is designed to solve practical problems of the modern world, rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge's sake.The goal of the applied scientist is to improve the human condition .

For example, applied researchers may investigate ways to: For example, applied researchers may investigate ways to:

• improve agricultural crop production 

• treat or cure a specific disease 

• improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, or modes of transportation.

• Evaluative research

 It is concerned with the evaluation of such occurrences as social and organizational programs or interventions. Very often health and family planning activities are implemented for years but never assessed. In such cases, evaluative research can be a valuable approach for examining retrospectively or cross-sectional effects of the program activities. So, Evaluative research attempts to -

•  Assess implemented activities and examine the short term effects of these activities
•  Determine the impact of a program.
•  Evaluate the success of the intervention.
Example, different health programs operated by the Ministry of health and family planning or by World 

health organization.

• Academic Vs Professional Research

• Academic Research- Academic research refers to those researches which are done in educational institutes to get knowledge and degrees. For example, masters or Ph.D. research. Example,  masters or Ph.D. research.

• Professional Research- Professional research refers to that type of research that is done by any consultant farm or person and they are paid for that research. For example, The feasibility study for Padma Bridge.

• Qualitative Vs Quantitative research

• Qualitative research- Understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. Asking a broad question and collecting word-type data that is analyzed searching for themes. This type of research looks to describe a population without attempting to quantifiably measure variables or look to attempting to quantifiably measure variables or look to potential relationships between variables.

• Quantitative research- Systematic empirical investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships. Asking a narrow question and collecting numerical data to analyze utilizing statistical methods. The quantitative research designs are experimental, correlation, and survey.

 Some research are:

• Scientific Research

• Social Research

• Exploratory research

• Constructive research

• Primary research 

• Secondary research

• Explanatory Research

• Experimental Research 

• Constructive research

• Empirical research

• Experimental Research

• Evaluation Research

• Descriptive Research

• Policy Research

By: সাদমান On 1:23 AM

Continue Reading

Definitions of Research

Research definition :

Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods (Babbie, 1998).
See What is Research ?

Research Scholars definition :

By: সাদমান On 9:59 PM

Continue Reading

Research ?

What is Research ?

The word ‘research’ perhaps originates from the old French word recerchier that meant to ‘search again’. Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods (Babbie, 1998).

Research is-

1.      Search for knowledge.

2.      Any systematic investigation with an open mind to establish noble facts.

3. Solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas or develop new theories.

     See Definitions of Research

By: সাদমান On 9:53 PM

Continue Reading

Food Web ?

Food Webs

A food web is made up of interconnected food chains. Most communities include various populations of producer organisms which are eaten by any number of consumer populations. The green crab, for example, is a consumer as well as a decomposer. The crab will eat dead things or living things if it can catch them. A secondary consumer may also eat any number of primary consumers or producers. This non-linear set of interactions which shows the complex flow of energy in nature is more easily visualized in the following diagram.

 In a food web nutrients are recycled in the end by decomposers. Animals like shrimp and crabs can break the materials down to detritus. Then bacteria reduce the detritus to nutrients. Decomposers work at every level, setting free nutrients that form an essential part of the total food web.

By: সাদমান On 1:49 PM

Continue Reading

Food Chain ?

Food Chains

All living organisms (plants and animals) must eat some type of food for survival. Plants
make their own food through a process called photosynthesis. Using the energy from the
sun, water and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and nutrients, they chemically make
their own food. Since they make or produce their own food they are called producers.
Organisms which do not create their own food must eat either plants or animals. They are
called consumers. Some animals get their energy from eating plants while other animals
get energy indirectly from plants by eating other animals that already ate the plants.
Animals that eat only plants are called herbivores. Animals that eat both plants and other
animals are called omnivores. Animals that eat only other animals are called carnivores.
Some animals eat only dead or decaying materials and are called decomposers.
In the marine food web, special producers are found. They are tiny microscopic plants
called phytoplankton. Since the water is the home for these special tiny plants; it is also
the home for tiny microscopic animals called zooplankton. And of course, zooplankton
eat phytoplankton. Sometimes zooplankton and phytoplankton are collectively referred to
as plankton.
Food chains show the relationships between producers, consumers, and decomposers,
showing who eats whom with arrows. The arrows show the movement of energy through
the food chain. For example, in the food chain shown below, the small fish (silverside)
gets its energy by eating the plankton and the large fish (bluefish) gets its energy by
eating the small fish. Finally, the bacteria eats the fish after it dies, getting its energy from
the large fish. The bacteria also returns nutrients back to the environment for use by the
phytoplankton.

PHYTOPLANKTON ~~> ZOOPLANKTON ~~> SILVERSIDE ~~> BLUEFISH

                                    NUTRIENTS <~~ BACTERIA

Thus the food chain becomes a complete circle. Animals may eat more than one type of
food. They may eat many different types of plants or many different animals. This makes
everything more complicated and the food chain becomes a food web.

By: সাদমান On 7:42 PM

Continue Reading